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JHA examples: three filled-in job hazard analyses
Here are three filled-in job hazard analyses to adapt: trenching for a water main, a slab pour with a concrete pump, and a residential roof tear-off. Each breaks the job into steps, lists each step's hazards and the controls for each, and names the federal OSHA rule behind the control.
Example 1: trenching for an 8-inch water main
Job: install 8-inch water main in a trench 8 feet deep, dug with an excavator and protected by a trench box; crew of four. PPE for every step: hard hat, high-visibility vest, safety-toe boots, safety glasses, gloves. Competent person: the foreman, named on the form.
| Step | Hazards | Controls | 29 CFR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Confirm utilities and set up the work zone | Striking a marked or unmarked gas, power, water or fiber line; traffic or trucks entering the work area | Valid 811 ticket and marks checked; pothole (hand dig or vacuum) to expose lines before the bucket gets close; cones, barricades and a flagger set up per MUTCD Part 6 where traffic passes; high-visibility vests for anyone exposed to traffic | 1926.651(b), 1926.651(d), 1926.201(a) |
| 2. Excavate and place spoils | Struck by the excavator's swing or bucket; spoils or equipment rolling into the trench; wall collapse as depth increases | Nobody under the bucket or a raised load; swing radius barricaded; spoils and equipment at least 2 ft from the edge; competent person classifies the soil before anyone enters | 1926.651(e), 1926.651(j)(2), 1926.652 |
| 3. Set the trench box and enter | Cave-in at 5 ft or deeper; no way out; bad air near the sewer line | Box rated for the depth per the manufacturer's tabulated data; ladder inside the box within 25 ft of every worker; air tested before entry; competent person inspects before each shift and after rain | 1926.652(c)(2), 1926.651(c)(2), 1926.651(g)(1), 1926.651(k) |
| 4. Lower and join the pipe | Pipe drops from a failed sling; swinging pipe strikes a worker; hands caught between pipe ends at the joint | Competent person inspects slings each day before use and pulls damaged ones; nobody under the load; one signal person; tag line on the pipe, hands off the ends until it is set | 1926.251(a)(6), 1926.651(e) |
| 5. Backfill and compact in lifts | Struck by the bucket while backfilling; exhaust from a gas-powered tamper in the trench; water collecting after rain | Workers stay inside the box and clear of the bucket; use an electric or air-powered tamper in the trench, or test the air while a gas one runs; pump water out and have the competent person check before re-entry | 1926.651(g)(1), 1926.651(h) |
| 6. Pull the box and close up | A worker in the box while it moves; open trench left unprotected | Everyone out before the box is lifted or moved vertically; barricade any open section at the end of the shift; walkways with guardrails where people cross a trench 6 ft or more deep | 1926.652(g)(1)(iv), 1926.651(l) |
What this one needs on a real site: the soil type the competent person found, the actual depth, the utilities the potholes exposed, how traffic is controlled on that street, and the rescue plan if someone is hurt in the trench.
Example 2: slab-on-grade pour with a concrete pump truck
Job: place and finish a 6-inch slab on grade for a building pad, concrete delivered by ready-mix trucks to a boom pump; crew of six plus the pump operator. PPE: hard hat, vest, safety glasses, waterproof gloves, rubber boots with pant legs over the tops.
| Step | Hazards | Controls | 29 CFR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Set up the pump and receive trucks | Outrigger sinking into fill or near an excavation edge; boom near overhead power lines; ready-mix trucks backing over a worker | Outriggers on cribbing, set where the pump maker allows, away from excavation edges; overhead lines located and the boom kept outside the clearance the maker specifies; trucks back only with a working alarm or a spotter | 1926.601(b)(4) |
| 2. Prime the line and start pumping | End hose whips at start-up or after a blockage; a line separates under pressure | Nobody holds or stands at the end hose until concrete flows; discharge pipe supported for 100% overload; fail-safe connectors on air hoses; clear blockages only by the pump maker's procedure | 1926.702(e) |
| 3. Place and screed | Falling onto protruding rebar or dowels; wet concrete burns to skin and eyes; strain from raking and screeding | Cap or guard every protruding bar; waterproof gloves and boots, wash skin right away; eye protection; rotate the people on the rake and screed | 1926.701(b), 1926.95, 1926.102(a) |
| 4. Bull float and power trowel | Bull float handle touching an overhead line; a trowel that keeps running when the operator lets go | Nonconductive or insulated bull float handles near lines; trowels with a switch that stops them when hands leave the handles | 1926.702(h), 1926.702(c) |
| 5. Wash out | Caustic washout water in the eyes or on skin; boom moving while people are near it | Washout in the designated area only; eye-flush station in the work area; crew clear of the boom while it folds | 1926.50(g) |
What this one needs on a real site: where the pump will sit and what is under it, the voltage and distance of any overhead lines, the truck route and washout location, and who has authority to stop the pour. Cutting control joints the next day is its own JHA; that row is worked through in the JSA template.
Example 3: residential roof tear-off
Job: strip asphalt shingles from a two-story house with a 6/12 roof and dry it in; crew of four. PPE: hard hat for ground crew, personal fall arrest for everyone on the roof, gloves, safety glasses, soft-soled boots.
| Step | Hazards | Controls | 29 CFR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Set the ladder | Ladder slips or the climber falls stepping onto the roof | Side rails extend at least 3 ft above the eave, or the ladder is secured at the top with a grab rail; ladder tied off or footed | 1926.1053(b)(1) |
| 2. Install anchors and tie off | Falling before anyone is tied off; an anchor that won't hold a fall | First person up installs the anchor from the ladder or a protected position; anchors rated 5,000 lb per worker or designed by a qualified person; everyone on the roof clipped in from then on | 1926.501(b)(13), 1926.502(d)(15) |
| 3. Tear off shingles | Slipping on loose granules and felt; falling debris striking ground crew; falls through rotten decking | Roof brackets and toe boards at the work line; drop zone barricaded below, or an enclosed chute where debris falls more than 20 ft outside the walls; walk on rafters until the deck is checked | 1926.501(b)(13), 1926.252(a) |
| 4. Replace decking and dry in | Stepping into an open bay where boards are removed; wind lifting underlayment or tarps | Cover openings with covers strong enough for twice the load, secured against wind and marked "HOLE" or "COVER"; dry in only as fast as you can cover by the end of the day | 1926.502(i) |
What this one needs on a real site: the anchor locations, the power service drop and how close it runs to the roof edge, the heat or wind forecast for the day, and where the dumpster and drop zone go.
What an example can't do
Each example follows OSHA 3071: the job in steps as it is actually done, what can go wrong in each, and the strongest control available, engineering before procedures before PPE. The rules column is the floor, not the plan. A tool can hand you rows like these in seconds (Dozer's free trenching template lists five hazards and eight controls; Gadzoom and JSABuilder ship whole libraries), but none of them knows today's soil, the line nobody marked or the laborer in his first week. JHA builders and AI generators covers what to check in a generated draft.
Questions
Can you provide an example of a job hazard analysis?
Yes: this page has three. A trenching JHA for an 8-inch water main in six steps, a slab-on-grade pour with a pump truck in five, and a residential roof tear-off in four, each with hazards, controls and the 29 CFR 1926 rule behind each control.
What is a JSA example?
A completed job safety analysis for one task, such as trenching: the task broken into steps like locating utilities, digging, setting the trench box and lowering pipe, with what can go wrong in each step and how the crew prevents it. JSA and JHA examples are the same thing under two names.
About this page
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